Ani Yayiiya Roulette? Ensibuko ya Roulette
Nnamuziga ezitali zimu, erinnya limu, ekibuga ekyasembayo okuliwandiika.
Tewali muntu awandiikiddwa nga ye yayiiya roulette. Omuzannyo nga bwe tugumanyi gulabika e Paris ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 18, nga gugatta nnamuziga eyetooloola okuva mu mizannyo egy'edda n'emmeeza ya zzaala eyeewolebwa okuva mu mizannyo gy'oku mmeeza egy'e Italy n'egy'e Bungereza.
Bajjajja
Emizannyo esatu egy'edda gye gyaleeta ebitundu. Nnamuziga za E.O. (“even-odd”) ez'e Bungereza ez'omu myaka gya 1740 zaalina nnamuziga eyetooloola ng'erina ebinnyaebikozesebwaEkinnyaKimu ku bisenge 37 ebiriko ennamba ku rotor. Era biyitibwa: slot, cup.Soma byonna → amakumi ana ebiriko E oba O n'akapiiraebikozesebwaAkapiiraAkapiira akatono akakasukibwa mu lugudo nga kadduka mu ludda olukontana n'olwa rotor. Obupiira obw'omulembe bwa ivorine oba Teflon, mm 18–21.Soma byonna → akagikasukibwako; zaagaanibwa mu 1745 naye ne zigenda mu maaso n'okuzannyibwa. Roly-poly, omuzannyo gw'e Bungereza ogw'edda okusingawo, gwali gufaanagana. Omuzannyo gw'akalulu ogw'e Italy biribi, ogugambibwa okutandikira e Genoa awo nga mu 1750 era ogwamanyibwa e Bufalansa nga cavagnole, gwakozesanga olubaawo olw'ennamba 70 abazannyi kwe baasibanga zzaala n'ensawo omwagyibwangamu ennamba; ennamba ewangudde yazzangawo emirundi 64 egya ssente za zzaala, nga ssente za zzaala mwe zibaliddwa (63 ku 1), kale bbanka yasigazanga 6 ku buli yunitissenteYunitiSsente za zzaala ez'entandikwa enkola oba omuzannyi z'akozesa. Okulinnyisa zzaala kunnyonnyolwa mu yuniti kusobole okukola ku mmeeza yonna.Soma byonna → 70 ezisibiddwa, enkizo ya 8.57%. Casanova, eyaguzannya mu myaka gya 1760, yaguyita muzannyo gwa bafere, era Bufalansa n'eguwera mu 1837. Gwaleeta endowooza y'emmeeza ya zzaalaebikozesebwaEmmeeza ya zzaalaEkipande kya zzaala ekikubiddwa ku mmeeza. Era kiyitibwa: table, felt, cloth.Soma byonna → ey'ennamba erina ensasulassenteEnsasulaZzaala ewangudde ky'ekomyawo, ekyogerwa nga “X ku 1” okwongera ku ssente za zzaala ezizzibwayo.Soma byonna → ennene. Hoca, eyazannyibwanga mu lubiri lwa Bufalansa mu myaka gya 1600, yalina ennamba amakumi asatu n'enkizo ya kaasinookubalaEnkizo ya kaasinoEkitundu kya buli ssente za zzaala kaasino ky'ekuuma ku kigero: 2.70% mu roulette ya Bulaaya.Soma byonna → ezimbiddwa ku bifo ebyakuumirwanga kaasino. Tewali n'emu ku gyo eri roulette; nga gyonna awamu gye bazadde baayo.
Hoca mu lubiri lwa Bufalansa: ennamba amakumi asatu, ebifo bya kaasino. Louis XIV yaguwera, naye ne guzannyibwa.
Biribi e Italy ne Bufalansa: olubaawo oluliko ennamba, ennamba eggyibwa mu nsawo, emikisa emitono.
Nnamuziga za E.O. mu nnyumba z'emizannyo e Bungereza: nnamuziga eyetooloola, akapiira, even oba odd. Zaagaanibwa mu 1745.
Paris egatta nnamuziga n'emmeeza ya zzaala eriko ennamba. 0 ne 00 byombi binnya bya kaasino.
Omuzannyo gw'omu Palais-Royal ogunnyonnyolwa mu bujjuvu mu kitabo kya Lablée (1801).
Roulette yayiiyizibwa wa? E Paris, nga 1796 etuuse
Ekitabo eky'olugero La Roulette, ou le Jour ekya Jaques Lablée, ekyafulumizibwa mu 1801, kinnyonnyola nnamuziga mu Palais-Royal mu 1796 ng'alina ennamba 1 okutuuka ku 36, zeeronnamuzigaZeeroEkinnya kimu ekya kiragala ekitabikkibwa zzaala ya emu ku emu, eya dazeni oba ey'empagi; y'ensibuko y'enkizo ya kaasino. Era eyitibwa: zeero emu, 0.Soma byonna → emmyufuzzaalaEmmyufuZzaala ya emu ku emu ku nnamba 18 emmyufu. Mu Lufalansa: rouge.Soma byonna → ne zeero bbiriekikaZeero bbiriEkinnya 00 ku nnamuziga wa Amerika. Okubaawo kwakyo kulinnyisa enkizo ya kaasino okuva ku 2.70% okutuuka ku 5.26%.Soma byonna → enzirugavuzzaalaEnzirugavuZzaala ya emu ku emu ku nnamba 18 enzirugavu. Mu Lufalansa: noir.Soma byonna → ezaakuumirwanga kaasino, n'emmeeza ya zzaala ng'erina zzaala ez'omunda ne zzaala ez'ebweruzzaalaZzaala ey'ebweruZzaala ku busanduuko obwetoolodde ekipande ky'ennamba: dazeni, empagi ne zzaala za emu ku emu.Soma byonna → nga kumpi bwe ziri leero. Ye nnyinnyonnyola esooka enzijuvu era omuzannyo gwali dda ogw'omulembe. Palais-Royal kye kyali ekitundu ky'okusiba zzaala mu Paris, ekyalina olukusa era nga kisolozebwako omusolo, okutuusa okugaana kwa 1837 lwe kwasindika omuzannyo mu bibuga by'amazzi ag'ebbugumu e Bugirimaani.
Bad Homburg ne Kaasino z'Ebifo by'Amazzi ag'OkunaabaZzaala ez'Omunda ne Zzaala ez'Ebweru mu Roulette
Erinnya
Roulette mu Lufalansa kitegeeza “nnamuziga omutono”. Ekigambo kyakozesebwanga ku mizannyo emirala egya nnamuziga nga tekinnasigala ku guno: etteeka lya 1758 erya New France, ensi ya Bufalansa ku mugga St Lawrence, lyali dda ligaana “obuzaale, hoca, faro ne roulette”, nga Shelley (1988) bw'ategeeza, naye nga terigamba roulette eyo bwe yali efaanana. Mu nsibuko z'Olungereza ez'edda omuzannyo oluusi guyitibwa “roulet” oba gunnyonnyolwa nga “E.O. ey'Abafalansa”. Nga emyaka gya 1820 gituuse, “roulette” yategeezanga omuzannyo gumu gwokka buli wamu mu Bulaaya.
Zeero ebbiri
Nnamuziga ezasooka ez'e Paris zaalina 0 ne 00 zombi, ekyawa kaasino enkizo ya 5.26% ku nnamuziga ow'ebinnya 38. Nnamuziga wa zeero emu yali nteekateeka ya busuubuzi ey'ab'oluganda Blanc e Bad Homburg mu 1843, eyategekebwa okusikiriza abazannyi okuva mu bibuga ebirala eby'amazzi ag'ebbugumu. Nnamuziga wa Amerika yasigaza zeero zombi kubanga omuzannyo gwali gutuuse dda e Amerika ng'enkyukakyuka tennabaawo era tewaaliyo yenna eyalina omuvuganya ow'okusinga ku bbeeyi. Nnamuziga ezimu ez'edda ez'e Amerika zaagenda n'okusingawo: emmeeza emu ey'ekyasa 19 yalina ennamba 1 okutuuka ku 28 zokka ne 0, 00 n'empungu, n'esasula ennamba emu 27 olwa 1, enkizo ya 12.90%, n'etwala 9.68% ku mpagizzaalaEmpagiEnnamba kkumi na bbiri mu mpagi emu eyimiridde ku mmeeza ya zzaala, esasula 2:1.Soma byonna → ne langi. Teyawangaala.
Lwaki yasaasaana
Roulette teyetaaga bukugu, emaliriza buli ddakiika, era ekkiriza abazannyi bonna ab'omuwendo gwonna okusiba zzaala omulundi gumu nga bavuganya ne kaasino etasobola kufiirwa mu bbanga eddene. Eri omuddukanya gwe muzannyo ogusinga: gwa mangu, mwangu, gugaziwa era guleeta amagoba ku kigero ekimanyiddwa. Eri gavumenti gusolozebwako omusolo. Omuzannyo gwagoberera ssente n'olukusa okuva e Paris okutuuka e Homburg, e Monaco, n'okutuuka buli wamu.
Roulette ya Monte CarloOkusembera mu Bbanga Eddene: Etteeka ly'Emiwendo Eminene mu Roulette
Ekitakyuse
Emmeeza ya zzaala, ensasula (36/n − 1), ensengeka y'omutendera n'omulimu gwa croupier bye bimu mu nnyinnyonnyola ya Lablée nga bwe biri ku vidiyo ey'obutereevu leero. Ensengeka y'ennamba ku nnamuziga, ebiziyiza akapiiraebikozesebwaEkiziyiza akapiiraKimu ku biziyiza eby'ekyuma ku apron ebisaasaanya akapiira nga kakka. Era biyitibwa: canoe, diamond, pin.Soma byonna → n'enkomera z'ebinnyaebikozesebwaOlukomera lw'ekinnyaEkyawula eky'ekyuma wakati w'ebinnya bibiri ku nnamuziga.Soma byonna → ennyimpi biri nnongoosereza za kyasa 19 eri abazannyi abaali bayize okutunuulira akapiira. Zeero emu ye nkyukakyuka yokka eyakwata ku mikisa, era yagirongoosa.
Ebibuuzo
Yagezesa nnamuziga ezeetooloola mu myaka gya 1650 olw'ensonga endala. Ekitiibwa ekyo kya nnono, si kiwandiikiddwa. Laba olupapula lwe.
Yalina olukusa mu Palais-Royal okutuusa mu 1837, olwo n'egaanibwa okutuusa mu 1907, kaasino mu bibuga by'amazzi ag'ebbugumu n'ebyo ku lubalama lw'ennyanja lwe zaddamu okukkirizibwa.
Okukyusakyusa langi mu ngeri ennywevu n'okusaasaanya ennene/entono n'ezitagabanyizika/ezigabanyizika. Ensengeka entuufu yasalibwawo mu kyasa 19 era tekyuse.
Okwesanyusa n'Okubala
Gezaako bino ggwe kennyini okusooka. Buli kugonjoola kuzingiddwa; kuggulewo ng'oli mwetegefu.
Biribi yakomyangawo 64 olwa 1 ku nnamba emu ku 70, nga mw'otwalidde ssente za zzaala: 63 ku 1. Eyo nkizo ya kaasino ki? Singa yawa zzaala ku nnamba bbiri, nsasulassenteEnsasulaZzaala ewangudde ky'ekomyawo, ekyogerwa nga “X ku 1” okwongera ku ssente za zzaala ezizzibwayo.Soma byonna → ki eyandikuumye enkizo y'emu?
Laga okugonjoola
Eky'okuddamu Enkizo ya kaasino eri 6/70, 8.57%. Zzaala ku nnamba bbiri yandisasudde 31 ku 1, ennamba enzijuvu.
Ennamba emu ewangula omulundi gumu mu kukuba 70 era esasula yunitissenteYunitiSsente za zzaala ez'entandikwa enkola oba omuzannyi z'akozesa. Okulinnyisa zzaala kunnyonnyolwa mu yuniti kusobole okukola ku mmeeza yonna.Soma byonna → 63; okukuba 69 okulala kufiirwa 1: (63 − 69)/70 = −6/70, enkizo ya kaasino eya 8.57%. Mu ngeri endala, bbanka ekomyawo 64 we wandibadde omuzannyo gwa bwenkanyaokubalaOmuzannyo ogw'obwenkanyaOmuzannyo mwe watali ludda lulina nkizo: buli zzaala erina omuwendo ogusuubirwa ogwa zeero.Soma byonna → gwandisasudde 70.
Zzaala ku nnamba bbiri ku x ku 1 ewangula emirundi ebiri mu kukuba 70: yuniti 2x eziwanguddwa bw'ogeraageranya ne 68 ezifiiriddwa, omuwendo ogusuubirwaokubalaOmuwendo ogusuubirwaEkivaamu eky'omu makkati ku buli zzaala mu bbanga eddene. −1/37 ya ssente za zzaala ku buli zzaala eya bulijjo eya Bulaaya.Soma byonna → gwa (2x − 68)/70. Teeka 2x − 68 = −6: x = 31. Ekyo kye 32 ezikomawo olwa 1, kitundu kya 64.
Ensasula za Biribi zigoberera 64/n ezikomawo olwa 1, era 64 egabanyizika bulungi mu bitundu bibiri ku nnamba 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 ne 32, n'olwekyo zzaala ezo zivaamu nnamba nzijuvu. 36 eya roulette egabanyizika na 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 ne 36, ekituukira emmeeza ya zzaalaebikozesebwaEmmeeza ya zzaalaEkipande kya zzaala ekikubiddwa ku mmeeza. Era kiyitibwa: table, felt, cloth.Soma byonna → ey'ennyiriri za ssatu ssatu.
Ennamba 70 eza Biribi, ezaateekebwa mu nnyiriri, zaalekawo ebbanga ku zzaala nnya ez'ennamba ssatu. Okusinziira ku tteeka eriri emabega w'enkizo ya kaasino eya 8.57% ey'ennamba emu, zzaala ey'ennamba ssatu esaanidde kusasula ki? Ensasula enzijuvu ezisinga okusemberera zandiguze ki?
Laga okugonjoola
Eky'okuddamu 20⅓ ku 1. Okusasula 20 ku 1 kwandiguze 10%; okusasula 21 ku 1, 5.71%.
Etteeka okuva mu kikokyo waggulu: zzaala ku nnamba n esasula 64/n ezikomawo olwa 1. Ku nnamba ssatu ezo 64/3 = 21⅓ ezikomawo, oba 20⅓ ku 1, ekitasobola kusasulwa cipussenteCipuAkabonero akakiikirira omuwendo ogutakyuka, akateekebwa ku mmeeza ya zzaala okusiba zzaala. Era kayitibwa: check.Soma byonna → yonna.
Zzaala ey'ennamba ssatu ku x ku 1 ewangula emirundi 3 mu kukuba 70 era efiirwa emirundi 67: omuwendo ogusuubirwa gwa (3x − 67)/70. Ku 20 ku 1: −7/70, 10%. Ku 21 ku 1: −4/70, 5.71%.
Okukendeeza n'ekimu kya kusatu ekya yuniti kugula omuzannyi kumpi ekipimo kimu n'ekitundu; okwongeza kumuddiza kumpi ebipimo bisatu. Asatu mu mukaaga, n'abagabanya baayo abangi, ewonya roulette okulonda okwo ku buli zzaala okuggyako eya Amerika ey'ennamba ttaano.
Nnamuziga w'empungu ow'ekyasa eky'e 19 yalina ebinnyaebikozesebwaEkinnyaKimu ku bisenge 37 ebiriko ennamba ku rotor. Era biyitibwa: slot, cup.Soma byonna → 31, 1 okutuuka ku 28 n'akuno 0, 00 n'empungu, era yasasulanga 27 olwa 1 ku nnamba emu. Zzaala ze ez'empagizzaalaEmpagiEnnamba kkumi na bbiri mu mpagi emu eyimiridde ku mmeeza ya zzaala, esasula 2:1.Soma byonna → n'eza langi zaagula 9.68%. Zzaala ey'ennamba nnya esaanidde kusasula ki, “olwa 1”, okugula kye kimu?
Laga okugonjoola
Eky'okuddamu 7 olwa 1, ekigula 3/31 = 9.68%.
Zzaala esasula X olwa 1 ekomyawo yuniti X, nga mw'otwalidde ssente za zzaala, bw'ewangula. Zzaala ey'ennamba nnya ewangula emirundi 4 ku 31, n'olwekyo ekomyawo yuniti 4X ku buli 31 ezisibiddwa: omuwendo ogusuubirwa gwa (4X − 31)/31.
Ku 7 olwa 1 ekyo kye −3/31, 9.68%, kye kimu n'empagi ne langi. Ku 8 olwa 1 kyandibadde +1/31, enkizo eri omuzannyi. N'olwekyo etteeka lya nnamuziga w'empungu lyali (28 − n)/n ku 1, ebinnya bisatu ebya kaasino ku 31.
Eky'okusesa
Nnamuziga w'e Bungereza, emmeeza ya zzaala ey'e Italy, erinnya ery'Olufalansa, zeero bbiri.
Ensibuko
- Lablée, J. La Roulette, ou le Jour.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Bollman, M. Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette.
- Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study.
- Dictionnaire de l’Académie française, 4th ed.