Okukumpanya mu Roulette

Ebintu bibiri eby'enjawulo

Okuzannya n'enkizo kukozesa amawulire omuntu yenna g'asobola okukuŋŋaanya, nnamuziga asosolalaabuNnamuziga asosolaNnamuziga alina obulema mu mubiri bwe obufuula ebinnya ebimu okujja okusinga 1/37. Tebitera kubaawo, era bizuulibwa wokka n'okwetooloola enkumi n'enkumi okuwandiikiddwa.Soma byonna → oba akapiiraebikozesebwaAkapiiraAkapiira akatono akakasukibwa mu lugudo nga kadduka mu ludda olukontana n'olwa rotor. Obupiira obw'omulembe bwa ivorine oba Teflon, mm 18–21.Soma byonna → akategeerekeka, n'okusiba zzaala ku go ng'okusiba zzaala tekunnaggalwa. Obukumpanya mu roulette bukyusa omuzannyo: bwongera ku zzaala ng'ekivuddemu kimanyiddwa, buggyayo zzaala efiiriddwa, oba bukweka ssente ezisibiddwa. Ekisooka kitera okukkirizibwa mu mateeka, era kaasino ky'ekola kwe kuddaabiriza nnamuziga oba okugaana omuzannyi okuyingira. Eky'okubiri bufere. Mu Nevada, okusiba oba okukyusa zzaala ng'ekivuddemu kimanyiddwa musango ku bwakyo. Abazannyi ba Ritz mu 2004 baakwatibwa, ne bateebwa, ne baddizibwa ssente zaabwe omusango bwe gwaggyibwawo; abakola past-posting bawawaabirwa.

Engeri nnya ez'okukumpanya mu roulette

Okwetooloola okw'amazima kuyinza okulumbibwa mu bifo bina: nnamuziga yennyini, zzaala ng'ekivuddemu kimanyiddwa, croupier asasula zzaala, era ku byuma ne ku yintaneeti, pulogulaamu ezisasula. Abakumpanya bakyukakyuka mu biseera. Mu kyasa ekya 19 yali kaasino okusinga. Leero bazannyi okusinga, emirundi mingi nga croupier ayambako.

Nnamuziga wa roulette ow'obukumpanya, okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1930

Mu kyasa kyayo ekisooka mu Amerika, omukumpanya ku mmeeza ya roulette yatera kuba kaasino. John Philip Quinn, eyali omusiba zzaala eyakyuka, yannyonnyola ebyuma ebyo mu 1890. Omuggo wansi wa nnamuziga gwakozesebwanga okuyita mu kigere kimu eky'emmeeza, ekyakolebwa nga kimpi katono okusinga ebirala, croupier bwe yeesigamanga ku kyo n'akyusa engeri akapiira gye kagenda okuva ku emmyufuzzaalaEmmyufuZzaala ya emu ku emu ku nnamba 18 emmyufu. Mu Lufalansa: rouge.Soma byonna → okudda ku enzirugavuzzaalaEnzirugavuZzaala ya emu ku emu ku nnamba 18 enzirugavu. Mu Lufalansa: noir.Soma byonna →. Ku nnamuziga omulala, ekitundu ky'enkomera z'ebinnyaebikozesebwaOlukomera lw'ekinnyaEkyawula eky'ekyuma wakati w'ebinnya bibiri ku nnamuziga.Soma byonna →, ebyuma ebyawula ebinnyaebikozesebwaEkinnyaKimu ku bisenge 37 ebiriko ennamba ku rotor. Era biyitibwa: slot, cup.Soma byonna →, zaali mpanvu katono: kubanga langi zikyukakyuka, okwetooloozesa akapiira mu ludda olumu oba olulala kwasosolanga emmyufu oba enzirugavu, era croupier yalondanga langi yonna eyalina ssente ntono. Owookusatu yalina wakati w'obulimba, emiggo mwe gyasindikanga waggulu obusongezo bw'empiso obutono mu maaso g'ebinnya ebisalako. Quinn yaddamu okufulumya katalogu y'omutunzi e New York eyalanga nnamuziga “that can be made to come Red or Black, or High or Low Number, just as the dealer desires.” Okutuuka mu 1912 yawandiika nti amasannyalaze ge gaali gasinga okukozesebwa, nga waya ziyisibwa mu kigere ky'emmeeza okuva ku bbaatule mu kisenge eky'awansi, era n'ateesa okukozesa kampasi ey'omu nsawo okugazuula: empiso yeekyusa ng'amasannyalaze gakola. National Museum of American History eya Smithsonian erina nnamuziga wa roulette ow'emyaka gya 1930 alina magineeti, eyakolebwa e Chicago: croupier yakoleezanga magineeti yaayo ey'amasannyalaze ng'anyiga bbaatuuni okusindika akapiira kave ku nnamba ezaalinako zzaala ennene.

Lwaki nnamuziga alina layisinsi kizibu okumukumpanyisa

Nnamuziga ow'obukumpanya yali wa kaasino ezaali tezirina kitongole kizirungamya. Mu kaasino erina layisinsi, okulondoola kuwandiikiddwa mu mateeka. Aga New Jersey ge g'ekyokulabirako: ng'emmeeza tennaggulwawo, nnamuziga akeberwa oba alimu magineeti oba ekyuma ekirala kyonna, oba atereevu, era oba yeetooloola bulungi era kyenkanyi; akapiira kayisibwa ku magineeti oba kampasi, era tekalina kubaamu kyuma kyonna; buli kukyusa kuwandiikibwa, era ekibikka ekisibiddwa kiteekebwa ku nnamuziga emmeeza bw'eggalwawo. Nnamuziga nnyingi ez'omulembe zisoma ennamba ewangudde nga zikozesa ebyuma ebikwata ebigenda mu mbiriizi, ne zisindika buli kivuddemu mu pulogulaamu ya kaasino, n'olwekyo nnamuziga asosola ennamba ezimu alabikira mu bibalo bya kaasino yennyini. Kaasino era terina nsonga ya kwetwalira kabi kano. Nnamuziga ow'amazima ow'zeeronnamuzigaZeeroEkinnya kimu ekya kiragala ekitabikkibwa zzaala ya emu ku emu, eya dazeni oba ey'empagi; y'ensibuko y'enkizo ya kaasino. Era eyitibwa: zeero emu, 0.Soma byonna → emu akuuma 2.70% ku buli ssente ezisibiddwa, era ow'obukumpanya yandigifiiriza layisinsi.

Engeri y'Okuzuula Okusosola kwa Nnamuziga wa RouletteEnkizo ya Kaasino mu Roulette

Past-posting

Obukumpanya obw'edda obumanyiddwa mu roulette ye past-posting: okuseeseetula cipussenteCipuAkabonero akakiikirira omuwendo ogutakyuka, akateekebwa ku mmeeza ya zzaala okusiba zzaala. Era kayitibwa: check.Soma byonna → ku zzaala ewangudde, oba wansi waayo, ng'akapiira kamaze okugwa, oluvannyuma n'osaba ensasulassenteEnsasulaZzaala ewangudde ky'ekomyawo, ekyogerwa nga “X ku 1” okwongera ku ssente za zzaala ezizzibwayo.Soma byonna →. Kyetaaga ekibinja. Omukozi w'akakodyo akola ekikolwa nga croupier akola ebirala, omusabi croupier gw'atalabangako akuŋŋaanya ssente, era omukuumi alaba ekifo ky'abalabirira emmeeza n'ayimiriza okuzannya ng'akozesa obubonero bw'emikono. Ekiseera kye kya nsasula yennyini, croupier bw'akyuka okuleeta cipu z'omuwanguzi wa zzaala ey'ebweru, ennamba ez'omunda ne zimala obutikitiki butono nga tezitunuuliddwa.

Endowooza y'Omukulu w'Emmeeza

Richard Marcus

Marcus yali croupier mu Four Queens e Las Vegas mu myaka gya 1970 ekibinja kya past-posting bwe kyamuyingiza. Ng'abibuulira ye yennyini, yakola nakyo, oluvannyuma n'akulembera ekibinja kye, okumala emyaka nga 25 mu roulette, craps ne blackjack, n'alekera awo nga mu 2000 nga tasingibwanga musango. Ekitabo kye eky'obulamu bwe ekya 2003 kinnyonnyola engeri ya roulette. Abazannyi babiri basiba zzaala ku dazenizzaalaDazeni1–12, 13–24 oba 25–36, esasula 2:1.Soma byonna → ey'okusatu, cipu ku cipu, okwetooloola ku kwetooloola, okutuusa lw'ewangula; croupier bw'aba asasula dazeni, omukono guseeseetula cipu ya $100 wansi w'entuumu ya straight up (ennamba emu yokka) ewangudde. Omusabi yamala dda okusiba zzaala ya straight up eya $100 ey'amazima, abalabirira emmeeza ne bamujjukira ng'omuzannyi asiba ssente ezenkana awo, era ekikolwa kigasa $3,500. Okukuuma emmeeza ya zzaalaebikozesebwaEmmeeza ya zzaalaEkipande kya zzaala ekikubiddwa ku mmeeza. Era kiyitibwa: table, felt, cloth.Soma byonna → ng'erimu emirimu mingi kufiiriza ekibinja enkizo ya kaasinookubalaEnkizo ya kaasinoEkitundu kya buli ssente za zzaala kaasino ky'ekuuma ku kigero: 2.70% mu roulette ya Bulaaya.Soma byonna → yokka ku zzaala zaakyo ez'okubikka.

Savannah

Ekikolwa kya Marcus ekisinga okumanyibwa tekyali past-post n'akatono. Ng'okwetooloola tekunnabaawo, yateekanga cipu ya $5 waggulu ku cipu ya $5,000 ku zzaala ey'ebweruzzaalaZzaala ey'ebweruZzaala ku busanduuko obwetoolodde ekipande ky'ennamba: dazeni, empagi ne zzaala za emu ku emu.Soma byonna →, cipu ennene ng'esindikiddwa emabega croupier n'alaba entuumu entono yokka. Zzaala bwe yawangulanga, croupier yazuulanga cipu ennene n'agisasula: $5,005 ku mmyufu, $10,010 ku dazeni. Bwe yafiirwanga, Marcus yasitulanga entuumu nga tennakuŋŋaanyizibwa, era bwe yabuuzibwanga n'ateekawo cipu bbiri eza $5 ze yali akwekedde mu kibatu edda; croupier, eyali alowooza nti zzaala ya $10, teyalaba kibi kyonna. Buli zzaala ewangudde yali ya mazima era buli efiiriddwa yabula. Ebiwandiiko eby'oluvannyuma bigamba nti yaleeta nga $5 obukadde kaasino nga tezinnalekera awo kugisasula.

Obukumpanya obw'omunda

Obukumpanya obusinga mu roulette obutuuka mu kkooti kaakano bubaamu croupier. Enkola eya bulijjo ye zzaala ey'ekikeerezi: croupier akkiriza munne okusiba oba okwongera ku zzaala ng'akapiira kamaze okugwa, oba asuula akapiira mu bwangu zzaala n'eyingira ng'ekiseera eky'amasannyalaze tekinnaggalwa. Ssente tezitera kuba nnyingi, era emisango gitera kuzuulibwa okuyita mu kamera eri waggulu wa buli mmeeza, oba olw'omuzannyi omu awangula buli kiseera ku mmeeza ya croupier omu.

Enkola ya Croupier wa Roulette

Ebyuma ne pulogulaamu

Roulette ey'ebyuma ekyusa ekigendererwa okuva ku cipu okudda ku koodi. Mu kyeya kya 2007, abakozi babiri ab'eby'amakompyuta abaali ku ndagaano mu kibinja kya kaasino e London baakyusa enkola yaakyo, ebyuma ku mmeeza za roulette ez'obutereevu ne bikuba empapula z'okuwangula, buli emu ng'egasa okutuuka ku £600, ennamba yonna ne bw'eba nga y'ejja. Baasasulwa nga £33,000 mu kaasino nnya, ne bakkiriza omusango gw'obubbi era ne baweebwa ebibonerezo ebyayimirizibwa mu 2010. Ku yintaneeti, akabi eri omuzannyi kaasino etalina layisinsi, pulogulaamu yaayo gy'etalina agikebera. Ku mizannyo egirina layisinsi tetwazuula nsala ya kitongole ekirungamya nti enkola ekola ennamba ezitategeerekeka eya roulette yakumpanyizibwa. Ebituuka mu kkooti bye bizibu by'ebyuma: mu 2021 BetMGM yasazaamu okuwangula kw'omuzannyi e Michigan okuva ku $50 okutuuka ku nga $3.3 obukadde ku muzannyo gwa roulette ku yintaneeti ng'egamba nti yali nsobi ya pulogulaamu, era mu 2025 Kkooti Ensukkulumu ey'essaza eryo yakkiriza omusango gwe gugende mu maaso. Ensobi kaasino gy'egaana okusasula nkaayana ku ndagaano, so si bukakafu nti omuzannyo gwakumpanyizibwa.

Ebyuma bya Roulette eby'Amasannyalaze

Ebyuma, n'amateeka we gassa ensalo

Okulagula akapiira si bukumpanya ku bwakyo. Okutegeera nnamuziga asosola, nga Joseph Jagger n'amaka ga García-Pelayo bwe baakola, kukozesa amawulire omuntu yenna g'asobola okukuŋŋaanya. Kkooti Ensukkulumu eya Spain yasala mu 2004 nti García-Pelayos baakozesa amagezi ne kompyuta, so si bukumpanya, era nti kaasino kye yalina okukola kwe kukyusa nnamuziga zaayo. Okutwala kompyuta ku mmeeza kya njawulo. Nevada yafuula musango okukozesa oba okuba n'ekyuma kyonna ekikoleddwa okulagula ekiriva mu muzannyo oba okwekenneenya obusoboka bwagwo, era ekitwala ng'omusango omunene okuva mu 1985. Gambling Act 2005 eya Bungereza efuula obukumpanya omusango era egamba nti buyinza okubaamu okutaataaganya enkola y'omuzannyo; mu 2017 Kkooti Ensukkulumu eya UK yasala, mu Ivey v Genting, nti obukumpanya tebulina kuba bwa bulimba.

Kompyuta za RouletteGonzalo García-Pelayo: Enkola ye mu RouletteJoseph Jagger: Enteekateeka ya Zzaala e Monte Carlo

Engero buli kiwandiiko ku bukumpanya ze kiddamu

Engero bbiri zirabikira ku lupapula oluddako olupapula ku bakumpanya mu roulette, era tewali n'emu esobola kulondoolebwa okutuuka we yava. Pierre Dugal, Omufalansa agambibwa okuba nti yakumpanyanga nnamuziga ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 19 era n'alyamu olukwe mukyala we, alabikira awatali nnaku z'omwezi, awatali kaasino era awatali musango. Monique Laurent, agambibwa okuba nti yalungamyanga akapiira akafugibwa leediyo okuva ku kyuma ekisindika ekyakwekebwa mu kapaaketi ka sigala mu myaka gya 1970, alabikira mu ngero ezitakkiriziganya ku kaasino, ku ssente, “5 million francs” oba “$1 million”, ne ku oba yali akwatibwako. Tetwazuula lupapula lwa mawulire, kiwandiiko kya kkooti oba kitabo kya mu kiseera ekyo ku n'omu ku bo. Ebyogerwa ebirala bibiri bikyamu bukyamu: omusango gwa García-Pelayo gwasalirwa mu Spain, so si Kkooti Ensukkulumu ey'Amerika, era Richard Marcus, ng'abibuulira ye yennyini ne mu mboozi ez'oluvannyuma, teyasingibwanga musango.

Kaasino bw'ebukwata

Ebisinga bye croupier akola buli lunaku bikuuma ku bikolwa bya cipu ebyogeddwako waggulu. “Tewakyali zzaalaenkolaTewakyali zzaalaEkigambo kya croupier (oba obubaka ku ssirini) ekiggalawo okusiba zzaala. Cipu tezikyasobola kuteekebwa, kujjululwa oba kuggibwawo.Soma byonna →” eggala emmeeza ya zzaala ng'akapiira tekannagwa. DollyebikozesebwaDollyAkabonero akateekebwa ku nnamba ewangudde ku mmeeza ya zzaala nga zzaala zisasulwa.Soma byonna → eraga ennamba ewangudde, era tewali kintu ku lugoye kisobola kujjululwa nga ekyali wansi. Cipu ezifiiriddwa zikuŋŋaanyizibwa ng'omuwanguzi yenna tannasasulwa, zzaala efiiriddwa n'eremenga kuggyibwayo mu kiseera ky'okusasula. Croupier alaba cipu ey'omuwendo omunene ku mmeeza ya zzaala akigamba mu ddoboozi eri abalabirira emmeeza, era eyo ye nsonga lwaki omusabi wa Marcus yasooka okusiba zzaala ye ennene ey'amazima. Cipu za langiemmeezaCipu za langiCipu za roulette zokka eza langi ey'enjawulo eri buli muzannyi ku mmeeza, omuwendo gwazo nga gusalibwawo ng'ozigula. Era ziyitibwa: wheel checks.Soma byonna →, langi emu buli muzannyi, zireetera cipu y'omuntu atamanyiddwa okweyoleka, era kamera ez'waggulu zikwata buli nsasula okwekenneenyezebwa. Kaasino endala yonna ebikka enkola endala.

Cipu za Roulette n'Okuzigula

Kye kitegeeza eri omuzannyi owa bulijjo

Mu kaasino erina layisinsi, nnamuziga ow'obukumpanya byafaayo, era abakumpanya ku mmeeza babba kaasino, so si bazannyi abali ku mabbali gaabwe. Tewali kikolwa kikkirizibwa mu mateeka ku mmeeza ekiwangula nnamuziga ow'amazima, era tewali mukumpanya wa roulette ky'akola ekikyusa emikisa eri omuntu omulala yenna. Empisa bbiri zikuuma omuzannyi obutateeberezebwa. Leka cipu zo nga dolly ali wansi, wadde eziwangudde, kubanga okuzigololera mu kiseera ekyo kirabika ddala ng'ekikolwa kamera kye ziri awo okukwata. Era gaana croupier yenna akusaba okukuyamba, kubanga zzaala ey'ekikeerezi ekkiriziddwa ng'ekisa musango gwe gumu n'egyo egiguliddwa. Ku yintaneeti, zannya wokka ng'olayisinsi ya kaasino esobola okukeberwa ku kitongole ekirungamya. Omuzannyo ogutalina layisinsi kye kifo kyokka omuzannyi ow'omulembe w'ayinza okusanga nnamuziga ow'omu 1890.

Ebibuuzo