Ebyafaayo bya Roulette
Ebyafaayo bya roulette biyita mu kugezesa kwa fizikisi okwalemererwa, ekisenge ky'emizannyo e Paris, ab'oluganda babiri mu kibuga ky'amazzi ag'okunaaba mu Bugirimaani, ne kaasino eyafuula ekinnya kimu ekya kiragala ekyenkanyi kya Bulaaya.
Nnamuziga nga tannabaawo
- 1654
Pascal ne Fermat: ekizibu ky'obubonero; omuwendo ogusuubirwa.
Omuwendo Ogusuubirwa mu Roulette - 1655Nnamuziga atalina kigendererwa
Blaise Pascal, ng'anoonya ekyuma ekitambula obutakoma, azimba nnamuziga eyeetooloola ng'atereezeddwa bulungi. Ekyuma kyalemererwa; nnamuziga n'asigalawo ng'ekintu ekitakwatibwa kunyigirizibwa era ekirabika ng'ekitategeerekeka.
Blaise Pascal: Olugero lwa Nnamuziga wa Roulette - 1657
Huygens afulumya ekiwandiiko ekisooka ku kusuubira.
- 1713
Jakob Bernoulli, Ars Conjectandi: etteeka ly'emiwendo eminene.
Okusembera mu Bbanga Eddene: Etteeka ly'Emiwendo Eminene mu Roulette - emyaka gya 1740Roly-poly ne E.O.
Ennyumba z'emizannyo mu Bungereza zeetoolooza nnamuziga ezirina ebinnya eby'ennamba ezigabanyizika n'ezitagabanyizika. Emizannyo gigaanibwa emirundi mingi, ekyo ne kisindika engeri zaayo endala ku Lukalu lwa Bulaaya.
Ani Yayiiya Roulette? Ensibuko ya Roulette - 1754
d’Alembert afulumya ensobi oluvannyuma eyatuumibwa erinnya lye ng'enkola ya zzaala.
Enteekateeka ya D'Alembert mu Roulette - 1758
New France (Quebec) egaana obuzaale, hoca, faro ne “roulette”: kimu ku biwandiiko ebisooka ennyo ebiriko erinnya lino ng'omuzannyo gwa zzaala.
- emyaka gya 1760
“Martingale” eyingira mu nkuluze z'Olufalansa ng'olulimi lw'abasiba zzaala.
Enteekateeka ya Martingale mu Roulette
Omuzannyo
- 1796Paris, Palais-Royal
Ekitabo ky'olugero kya Jaques Lablée ekiyitibwa La Roulette kinnyonnyola nnamuziga alina ebinnya bibiri ebya kaasino, 0 ne 00, mu nnyumba y'emizannyo mu Palais-Royal. Eno ye nnyinnyonnyola esooka enzijuvu ey'omuzannyo ogw'omulembe guno.
Roulette mu Bitabo - emyaka gya 1800
Nnamuziga z'Amerika zongerako ekinnya ky'empungu: ennamba ssatu eza kaasino.
Nnamuziga n'Amateeka ga Roulette ya Amerika - 1837
Bufalansa egaana kaasino; okuzannya kusengukira mu bibuga by'amazzi ag'ebbugumu e Bugirimaani.
- 1841
Ab'oluganda Blanc bafuna olukusa lwa Bad Homburg.
François Blanc - 1843Bad Homburg
François ne Louis Blanc baggulawo kaasino mu kibuga ky'amazzi ag'okunaaba mu Bugirimaani ne baggyawo zeero bbiri. Nnamuziga wa zeero emu akendeeza enkizo ya kaasino ekitundu kyakyo era asikiriza abazannyi okuva mu bifo ebivuganya.
Bad Homburg ne Kaasino z'Ebifo by'Amazzi ag'Okunaaba - 1863Monte Carlo
Ng'okusiba zzaala kugaaniddwa mu Bugirimaani yonna, Blanc atwala kaasino eyali ekaluubirirwa e Monaco. Monte Carlo efuuka ekyokulabirako kya roulette ya Bulaaya; zeero emu kye kyenkanyi kyayo.
Roulette ya Monte Carlo - 1866
Dostoevsky, The Gambler.
Roulettenburg ya Dostoevsky - 1868
Eggaali y'omukka okuva e Nice okutuuka e Monte Carlo.
Casino de Monte-Carlo - 1869
Monaco eggyawo omusolo ku nyingiza.
- 1872
Prussia eggala kaasino za Bugirimaani.
Abazannyi n'okugezesa
- emyaka gya 1870
Labouchère amanyisa enkola y'okusazaamu e London.
Enteekateeka ya Labouchère mu Roulette - nga 1880Nnamuziga wa Jagger
Joseph Jagger, omusuubuzi w'engoye okuva e Yorkshire, awandiisa ebivaamu bya nnamuziga e Monte Carlo n'asiba zzaala ku nnamba ezijja emirundi emingi ennyo. Awangula obugagga obungi; kaasino ekyusakyusa nnamuziga zaayo, oluvannyuma n'eziwaanyisa.
Joseph Jagger: Enteekateeka ya Zzaala e Monte Carlo - 1891Omusajja eyamalawo ssente za bbanka y'emmeeza
Charles Wells amalawo cipu ku mmeeza emirundi egiwerako mu nnaku ntono, ekyo ne kizaala oluyimba olw'omu bifo by'eby'okwesanyusa. Okunoonyereza tekwasanga nkola yonna, wabula omukisa, era oluvannyuma obufere awalala.
Omusajja Eyamalawo Ssente za Bbanka y'Emmeeza - 1900
Pearson afulumya okugezesa kwa chi-square ng'akozesa ebivudde mu kwetooloola e Monte Carlo.
Ekigezo kya Chi-Square - 1907
Bufalansa eddamu okukkiriza kaasino mu bibuga by'amazzi ag'ebbugumu n'ebyo ku lubalama lw'ennyanja.
- 1913
Ennamba enzirugavu 26 omulundi gumu ng'eziddiriŋŋana e Monte Carlo.
Ensobi y'Abasiba Zzaala - 1931
Nevada ekkiriza okusiba zzaala mu kaasino.
Nnamuziga za Roulette e Las Vegas - emyaka gya 1940
Ulam ne von Neumann batuuma enkola ya Monte Carlo.
- 1953
Fleming, Casino Royale: Bond asiba zzaala ku dazeni bbiri mu roulette.
Enteekateeka ya James Bond mu Roulette - 1961
Thorp ne Shannon bazimba kompyuta esooka eyambalibwa okulagula roulette.
Kompyuta za Roulette - 1965
Dubins ne Savage balaga nti okuzannya n'obuvumu kye kisinga mu mizannyo egitali gya bwenkanya.
- 1969
Okunoonyereza kwa Thorp kunnyonnyola lwaki tewali nkola ya zzaala ewangula omuzannyo ogulina omuwendo ogusuubirwa ogw'okufiirwa.
Enfumo: Enteekateeka ya Zzaala Ewangula Bulijjo - 1977–81
Kompyuta enkweke eza Eudaemons e Nevada: wansi w'omukono mu 1978, mu ngatto mu 1981.
Aba Eudaemons - 1985
Nevada efuula ebyuma ebiragula omusango. Bass afulumya The Eudaemonic Pie.
Okukumpanya mu Roulette
Omuzannyo ogw'omulembe
- Ekyasa 20Okuva mu bibuga by'amazzi okutuuka ku ssirini
Roulette etambula okugenda e Las Vegas nga zeero bbiri ezzeddwawo, oluvannyuma ku mmeeza za RNG ku mutimbagano mu myaka gya 1990 ne ku nnamuziga za studio eziragibwa obutereevu mu myaka gya 2000.
Roulette ya Bulaaya ne Roulette ya Amerika - emyaka gya 1990
Ab'omu maka ga García-Pelayo bakozesa nnamuziga ezisosola okumpi ne Madrid; bagaanibwa okuyingira; kkooti zisazaamu okugaana okwo (2004).
Gonzalo García-Pelayo: Enkola ye mu Roulette - 1996
Kaasino ezisooka ku yintaneeti nga zirina roulette ya RNG.
Roulette ey'Obutereevu ne Roulette ya RNG - 2003–06
Roulette ya croupier ow'obutereevu ekyusibwa okuva mu situdiyo; Riga ne Malta bifuuka ebifo ebikulu.
Engeri Roulette ey'Obutereevu gy'Ekolamu - 2004
Ttiimu y'oku Ritz ewangula £1.3m ng'erangula akapiira; laser eyayogerwako tezuulibwa; tewali musango guggulibwa.
Okuzannya Roulette n'Enkizo - 2005
UK Gambling Act: olukusa olujjuvu olw'okusiba zzaala okuva ewala.
Roulette mu Bungereza - 2012
Small ne Tse bafulumya fizikisi y'okulagula roulette.
Fizikisi ya Nnamuziga wa Roulette - 2013
New Jersey etandika kaasino ez'oku yintaneeti ezifugibwa amateeka.
Roulette mu Amerika - 2016
Roulette ya zeero ssatu ku Las Vegas Strip.
Roulette ya Zeero Ssatu - 2018
Okugaana kwa gavumenti enkulu ey'Amerika ku zzaala z'emizannyo kusazibwamu; amasaza gakola amateeka.
- 2021
Bugirimaani ne Netherlands bikkiriza emizannyo gya kaasino ku yintaneeti.
Roulette mu Bulaaya - 2026
Omukutu guno: buli nnaku z'omwezi waggulu, n'okubala kwazo.
Olunyiriri olumu olukulu
Mu byasa bibiri n'ekitundu, emikisa gya roulette gyakyuka omulundi gumu nga giganyula omuzannyi (1843, zeero emu yaggyibwawo) n'emirundi ebiri nga gimuziyiza (empungu mu myaka gya 1800, zeero ssatu mu 2016). Ebirala byonna, enkola, kompyuta, situdiyo, amataala, byaleka okubala nga Lablée bwe yakusanga: 36/n − 1 ku nnamuziga alina ekinnya kimu okusinga awo.
Ebibuuzo
Eza Pascal. Okugezesa kwe ku nnamuziga kwa mazima; okumugatta ku roulette kwa nnono buyinza.
Mu kyasa 19; ensengeka ya Bulaaya ekozesebwa leero yali ya bulijjo mu biseera bya Monte Carlo.
Oboolyawo ez'amateeka. Nnamuziga yaggwa okukolebwa.
Eky'okusesa
Ebyasa bibiri n'ekitundu, okulongooka kumu, okudda emabega emirundi ebiri, engero nnyingi.
Ensibuko
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Chellel, K. “The Gambler Who Beat Roulette.”
- Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study.