Abazannyi ba Roulette Abaatiikirivu

Joseph Jagger (1830–1892)

Omusuubuzi w'engoye okuva e Shelf, okumpi ne Bradford, kampuni ye ey'e Manchester eyali egudde mu 1860. Awo nga mu 1880 yagenda e Monte Carlo, n'awandiisa ebivudde ku nnamuziga, era n'asiba zzaala ku nnamba ezaajjanga emirundi mingi okusinga bwe kisaanidde. Ennyinnyonnyola esooka, ekitabo kya Victor Bethell ekya 1901, egamba nti yawangula £120,000, n'afiirwa £40,000 ku zo era n'agenda ne nga £80,000, nga obukadde bwa faranga bubiri, era nti kaasino yasooka n'ekyusa nnamuziga zaayo okuva ku mmeeza emu okudda ku ndala buli kiro, olwo n'eragira empya ezirina enkomera ezikyusibwa. Tewali lupapula lwa mawulire olw'omu kiseera ekyo olwawandiika ku kuwangula okwo, era ebiwandiiko bya kaasino eby'emyaka egyo byabula. Omuwandiisi w'ebyafaayo bye Anne Fletcher (2018), muzzukulu we ow'omu mulembe ogw'okusatu, ateeka okukyala okusooka mu 1880 oba 1881, so si 1873 oba 1875 nga engero enkadde bwe zigamba. Abawandiisi omukaaga abapangisibwa bava mu Bethell; olukalala lw'ennamba omwenda n'akabonero ke kigambibwa nti yasala ku nnamuziga birabika omulundi ogusooka mu 1951, era tewali kibiwagira. Bwe yafa mu 1892 eby'obugagga bye byali bitono. Olupapula lwa Joseph Jagger lwekenneenya obujulizi.

Joseph Jagger: Enteekateeka ya Zzaala e Monte Carlo

Charles Wells (1841–1922)

Omufere era omuyiiya eyatuuka e Monte Carlo mu 1891 ne ssente ezaakuŋŋaanyizibwa ku kintu ekiyiiye eky'obulimba era n'amenya bbanka emirundi egiwerako mu nnaku ntono, n'awangula nga £40,000 olw'omukisa ogw'ekitalo. Yagamba nti yalina enkola etasobya era teyaginnyonnyola. Yafuuka “The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo” mu luyimba lw'ekisenge ky'ebinyumu, n'afiirwa ekitundu ku ssente ezo mu butiti obwo, era n'amala ebiseera bingi eby'obulamu bwe obwasigalawo mu kkomera olw'obufere. Enkola ye ka ebe yali ki, ekyavaamu kyali mukisa.

Omusajja Eyamalawo Ssente za Bbanka y'Emmeeza

Hibbs ne Walford (1947)

Mu 1947 abayizi babiri aba University of Chicago, Albert Hibbs, eyali amaliriza diguli ey'okubiri mu kubala, ne Roy Walford, omuyizi w'obusawo, baamala oluwummula e Reno nga bawandiika ebivudde mu kwetooloola. Baali banoonya nnamuziga ennamba ezimu kwe zajjanga emirundi mingi okusinga 1 ku 38 bwe kikkiriza, ne bazisanga, ne basiba zzaala ku zo, era ne beeyongerayo e Las Vegas. Magazini Life yanyumya olugero mu Desemba 1947 wansi w'omutwe “How to Win $6,500”; ebiwandiiko ebyaddirira, nga mw'otwalidde ekya Hibbs yennyini, biwa omugatte omunene, era Thorp, ng'awandiika mu 1998, yakiteeka mu 1949–50. Ssente zaagula eryato ery'amatanga erya ffuuti 40 n'okumala omwaka n'okusingawo mu Caribbean. Hibbs yagenda mu Jet Propulsion Laboratory, gye yafuukira eddoboozi lyayo erisinga okumanyika mu lwatu, ate Walford n'afuuka omunoonyereza ku kukaddiwa. Okwabwe kwe kuwangula okusooka okw'e Amerika okuwandiikiddwa obulungi okuva ku kusosola kwa nnamuziga, era kye Thorp kye yali alowoozaako mu 1955 bwe yasalawo nti nnamuziga ezikoleddwa obulungi zandibadde ziwangulwa na fizikisi mu kifo ky'ekyo.

Norman Leigh (1966)

Mu kyeya kya 1966 Norman Leigh, Omungereza eyawandiika nti kitaawe yali yaggwerebwako olwa roulette, yatwala ttiimu ya bantu kkumi na babiri mu Casino Municipal e Nice. Nga bw'anyumya ye, baazannya LabouchèreenteekateekaLabouchèreEnkola y'okusazaamu: wandiika olunyiriri lw'ennamba, siba omugatte gw'ennamba ez'oku nkomerero zombi, zisazeemu ng'owangudde, era yongerako ssente za zzaala ezifiiriddwa ng'ofiiriddwa.Soma byonna → ey'ekyennyumannyuma ku mikisa gyonna omukaaga egya emu ku emu ku mmeeza bbiri, ne bawangula nnyo okumala ebiro ebiwerako, era ne baziyizibwa kaasino bwe yaggala emmeeza n'ebagaana okuyingira mu kaasino za Bufalansa. Ekitabo kye, Thirteen Against the Bank (1976), ye mujulizi yekka omujjuvu, era emiwendo gyakyo tegisobola kukakasibwa. Enkola tesobola kubinnyonnyola: Labouchère ey'ekyennyumannyuma efiiriza 1.35% ku mugatte gwa zzaalassenteOmugatte gwa zzaalaOmugatte gwa ssente zonna ezisibiddwa mu kiseera ky'okuzannya oba mu bbanga, nga mw'otwalidde n'amagoba agaddamu okusibwa. Era guyitibwa: handle, action.Soma byonna → ne la partageetteekaLa partageEtteeka ery'e Bufalansa: zeero bw'ejja, ekitundu kya ssente za zzaala ya emu ku emu kizzibwayo. Likendeeza enkizo ya kaasino ku zzaala ezo ku kitundu, okutuuka ku 1.35%.Soma byonna → era ewangula mu kiseera ky'okuzannya ekitatera kubaawo olunyiriri we lulinnya okutuuka ku kkomo (laba Labouchère). Abazannyi kkumi na babiri ku mikisa mukaaga okumala ebiro ebiwerako bazannya ebiseera bingi, ebitonotono ku byo byali bya kuwangula kunene, era kaasino okuggala omuzannyo kwaziyiza omukisa okwenkanankana.

Enfumo: Enteekateeka ya Zzaala Ewangula BulijjoEnteekateeka ya Labouchère mu Roulette

Thorp ne Shannon (1961)

Edward Thorp, eyaddirira n'awangula blackjack ng'abala kaadi, ne Claude Shannon, eyatandikawo endowooza y'amawulire, baazimba kompyuta esooka eyambalibwa: ekyuma ekyenkana ekipapula ky'essigala ekyapima ebiseera by'akapiiraebikozesebwaAkapiiraAkapiira akatono akakasukibwa mu lugudo nga kadduka mu ludda olukontana n'olwa rotor. Obupiira obw'omulembe bwa ivorine oba Teflon, mm 18–21.Soma byonna → ne rotorebikozesebwaRotorEkitundu kya nnamuziga ekyetooloola ekirimu ebinnya.Soma byonna → era ne kisindika eddoboozi mu kyuma ky'okutu nga kyogera ekitundu eky'omunaana ekya nnamuziga. Kyakola mu kisenge kya wansi ekya Shannon ku nnamuziga eyagulibwa era oluusi n'oluusi e Las Vegas, waya gye zaakutukanga era ekyuma ky'okutu ne kirabika. Baayimirira olw'ensonga ez'omugaso; Thorp yalangirira enkola mu 1966 era n'aginnyonnyola mu bujjuvu mu 1979 ne 1984 (laba Okuzannya Roulette n'Enkizo).

Aba Eudaemons (1976–1981)

Ekibinja ky'abayizi ba fizikisi ab'eddaala erya waggulu e Santa Cruz kyazimba kompyuta entono ez'omulembe okwambalibwa mu kaasino: omuzannyi omu yapimanga nnamuziga n'eswiki ez'oku bigere, kompyuta n'eragula ekitundu kya nnamuzigannamuzigaEkitundu kya nnamuzigaEkitundu ky'ebinnya ebigoberegana ku nnamuziga, nga kyawukana ku kibinja ku mmeeza ya zzaala.Soma byonna →, era omuzannyi ow'okubiri n'afuna okulagula okwo ng'akankanyizibwa era n'asiba zzaala ku kyo. Mu 1977 ne 1978 kompyuta yasibibwanga wansi w'omukono; enkola eyaddirira, eyazimbibwa mu ssoli y'engatto, yagenda e Las Vegas mu Novemba 1981 era n'ewangulwa amaloboozi ag'amasannyalaze aga kaasino. Okugezesa kwabwe kwasuubiza enkizo ya 44%, era ekiseera kyabwe ekisooka ekiwanvu ku mmeeza eya nnamaddala kyawa nga 25%. Ebyuma tebyatera kukola okumala ebbanga: waya ezikutuse, okukubwa amasannyalaze era omulundi gumu okwokebwa waya ezaali zibuguma ennyo byakomya ebiseera bingi. Baawangula ddoola enkumi ntono nga basiba ssente ntono, ne basaasaanya nga $15,000 era ne baleka ekitabo ekirungi. Olupapula “Aba Eudaemons” lunyumya olugero.

Aba Eudaemons

Richard Jarecki (1931–2018)

Omusawo Omumerika eyazaalibwa e Bugirimaani, eyali ne mukyala we Carol n'abayambi abatonotono, eyawandiika ebivudde ku nnamuziga za zeeronnamuzigaZeeroEkinnya kimu ekya kiragala ekitabikkibwa zzaala ya emu ku emu, eya dazeni oba ey'empagi; y'ensibuko y'enkizo ya kaasino. Era eyitibwa: zeero emu, 0.Soma byonna → emu mu kaasino za Bulaaya mu myaka gya 1960 n'entandikwa y'emyaka gya 1970, okusinga byonna e Sanremo, era n'asiba zzaala ku nnamba ezaajjanga emirundi mingi okusinga bwe kisaanidde. Nga Carol Jarecki bw'anyumya, nnamuziga omu yali ayinza okwetaaga okwetooloola okusoba 10,000 n'okumala omwezi gumu. Ekiwandiiko eky'okufa ekya 2018 kitegeeza nti nga bangi bwe bagamba yawangula okusinga $1.2 million; omuwendo ogwo tegwakeberebwa. Yagamba abasasi b'amawulire nti kompyuta mu University of London yali emenye ekyama ky'omuzannyo; ekiwandiiko eky'okufa ekya 2018 n'omuwandiisi w'ebyafaayo bya roulette Russell Barnhart bannyonnyola kino ng'ekyokwekweka okwetegereza okwa bulijjo. Sanremo yamusaba obutadda mu Janwaliyo 1969, n'emugaana ng'omusiba zzaala ow'ekikugu mu Febwaliyo era n'emukkiriza nate mu nnaku ntono, n'ekyusakyusa emmeeza zaayo, era ku nkomerero n'ewaanyisa nnamuziga nga amakumi abiri mu ena. Yaddayo e Amerika mu 1973 oba 1974. Amawulire ag'omu kiseera ekyo galimu ebisingawo.

Richard Jarecki: Enkola ye mu Roulette

Gonzalo García-Pelayo (yazaalibwa mu 1947)

Omufulumya w'ennyimba era omukuŋŋaanya wa firimu Omusipeyini, eyali n'abaana be ne bajjawe, eyawandiika nga okwetooloola 5,000 buli nnamuziga mu Casino Gran Madrid, ebweru w'ekibuga, okuva ku nkomerero ya 1991, era n'asiba zzaala ku binnyaebikozesebwaEkinnyaKimu ku bisenge 37 ebiriko ennamba ku rotor. Era biyitibwa: slot, cup.Soma byonna → ebyasinga okujja. Nga emiwendo gye bwe giraga, ekinnya ekyasinga kyawangulanga omulundi gumu mu kwetooloola 28 era enkizo yali nga 6%; agamba nti ebyawangulwa byali pesetas obukadde 200 okutuuka ku 250 mu kaasino eziwerako. Kaasino yagaana ab'omu maka ago, gavumenti n'esazaamu okugaana okwo, era okujulira kwa kaasino kwonna ne kulemererwa, okwasembayo nga kuli mu Kkooti Ensukkulumu mu Juuni 2004. Kkooti yagamba nti abazannyi baakozesa amagezi ne kompyuta era tewali kirala, era nti eky'okuddamu kya kaasino ekikkirizibwa mu mateeka kwe kukyusakyusa nnamuziga zaayo, okuwaanyisa ebitundu byazo oba okuzizimba obulungi. Olupapula lwa Gonzalo García-Pelayo lukinyumya mu bujjuvu.

Gonzalo García-Pelayo: Enkola ye mu RouletteRoulette mu Bulaaya

Abasatu b'oku Ritz (2004)

Abazannyi basatu, abasajja babiri n'omukazi okuva mu Yugoslavia eyaliko ne Hungary, baawangula nga £1.3 million mu biro bibiri mu Marisi 2004 mu Ritz Club e London, nga basiba zzaala nga bukeerezi ku bibinja ebitono eby'ennamba eziriraanaganye. Empapula z'amawulire zaayogera ku kyuma kya laser ekikebera ekyakwekebwa mu ssimu; tewali kyuma ng'ekyo kyali kyalagibwa. Baakwatibwa ne bateebwa, era mu Desemba 2004 poliisi yaleka omusango n'ebazzaayo ssente, kubanga etteeka ery'edda eriwakanya obukumpanya teryatuuka ku kye baakola. Ennyinnyonnyola ya Bloomberg eya 2023 ku mukulembeze waabwe, Omukuroasiya amanyiddwa nga Niko Tosa, eraga okulagula n'amaaso ku nnamuziga eyali awunzise katono, so si kyuma. Gambling Act 2005 yawaanyisa omusango ogw'edda n'omugazi ogw'obukumpanya, ogwatandika okukola okuva mu 2007; oba gukwata ku kulagula n'amaaso tekigezesebwangako mu kkooti. Kwe kwali okuwangula okusembayo okunene okw'omu lwatu ku roulette olw'okulagula.

Abazannyi ba roulette abaawangula kye bafaanaganya

Buli muwanguzi awandiikiddwa yapima nnamuziga (Jagger, Hibbs ne Walford, Jarecki, García-Pelayo) oba yalagula akapiira (Thorp, Eudaemons, ttiimu y'oku Ritz). Tewali n'omu ku bo eyawangula n'ensengeka ya zzaala, era omuzannyi omu ow'enkola eyamanyika, Wells, yazzaayo ekitundu mu myezi mitono era n'akomekkereza mu kkomera. Buli nkola gye baakozesa kaasino zaasembayo okugiggalawo nga zikyusa nnamuziga, amateeka g'omuzannyo oba amateeka g'eggwanga. Empapula za Laabu zinnyonnyola enkola; olupapula luno lunnyonnyola lwaki owulidde ku bantu batono nnyo.

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