Roulette ya Monte Carlo
Kaasino eyafuula obwakabaka obutono ennyo amaka ga nnamuziga wa zeero emu.

Eyaggulwawo mu 1863 wansi wa François Blanc, Casino de Monte-Carlo yafuula nnamuziga wa Bulaaya ow'abulijjo ku lukalu era n'ewa roulette engero zaayo ezisinga okumanyika, okuva ku nnamuziga asosola owa Jagger okutuuka ku nnamba enzirugavu 26 eza 1913.
Lwaki Monaco
Mu myaka gya 1850 Monaco yali lwazi olwali lugwiriddwa obwavu nga lulina omulangira, olubiri era nga terulina makolero. Okusiba zzaala kwali kugaanibwa mu masaza ga Bugirimaani gonna, kaasino z'ebibuga by'amazzi ag'ebbugumu gye zaali zikulaakulanidde. Omulangira Charles III yawa olukusa lwa kaasino mu 1856; okugezaako okusooka kwalemererwa olw'obutabaawo ggaali ya mukka n'oluguudo. François Blanc, eyali afudde Bad Homburg okumanyika, yagula olukusa mu 1863, n'azimba Société des Bains de Mer, n'asaba nnyo eggaali y'omukka okuva e Nice, era n'atuuma ekitundu ekipya Monte Carlo ng'agoberera erinnya ly'omulangira. Kaasino yawanirira eggwanga mu bujjuvu nnyo ne kiba nti omusolo ku nyingiza gwaggyibwawo mu 1869 era tegukomangawo.
Zeero emu ng'enkola
Blanc yaleeta nnamuziga wa zeeronnamuzigaZeeroEkinnya kimu ekya kiragala ekitabikkibwa zzaala ya emu ku emu, eya dazeni oba ey'empagi; y'ensibuko y'enkizo ya kaasino. Era eyitibwa: zeero emu, 0.Soma byonna → emu okuva e Homburg. E Monte Carlo teyali nkola ya kuvuganya wabula yali ya bulijjo: buli mmeeza, buli lunaku. Abazannyi okuva mu Bulaaya yonna bayiga omuzannyo gwa roulette ogw'e Monte Carlo ku 2.70% era ne bagusuubira n'awalala, era y'ensonga lwaki zeero bbiriekikaZeero bbiriEkinnya 00 ku nnamuziga wa Amerika. Okubaawo kwakyo kulinnyisa enkizo ya kaasino okuva ku 2.70% okutuuka ku 5.26%.Soma byonna → esigadde yokka awo Monte Carlo w'etaateekanga mpisa.
Olukusa olusooka olwa kaasino e Monaco. Lulemererwa: tewali luguudo, tewali ggaali ya mukka, abazannyi batono.
François Blanc akwata obukulembeze. Société des Bains de Mer etandikibwawo.
Eggaali y'omukka okuva e Nice eggulwawo. Abagenyi batuuka nga bajjuza eggaali.
Omusolo ku nyingiza gwaggyibwawo e Monaco.
Joseph Jagger azuula okusosola mu nnamuziga n'awangula obugagga; kaasino ekyusakyusa nnamuziga zaayo, oluvannyuma n'eziwaanyisa.
Charles Wells “amenya bbanka” emirundi egiwerako mu nnaku ntono, olw'omukisa n'enkola gy'atannyonnyolanga.
Enzirugavu 26 omulundi gumu nga ziddiriŋŋana. Ensobi y'abasiba zzaala efuna erinnya lyayo eddala.
Casino de Monte-Carlo efiirwa obwannannyini bw'omu yekka ku kusiba zzaala ku Riviera nga kaasino za Bufalansa ziddamu okuggulwawo.
Okumenya bbanka
Buli mmeeza ya roulette e Monte Carlo yalina ssente ezaaterekebwanga, “bbanka”. Omuzannyi bwe yawangulanga okusinga ssente ezo, emmeeza yabikkibwangako olugoye oluzirugavuzzaalaEnzirugavuZzaala ya emu ku emu ku nnamba 18 enzirugavu. Mu Lufalansa: noir.Soma byonna → nga baleeta ssente endala: bbanka yabanga “emenyeddwa”. Kyabangawo emirundi mingi era kyali kulanga kulungi nnyo; tekyategeezanga nti kaasino efiiriddwa ssente zonna, wabula nti ssente z'emmeeza emu zokka ziweddewo. Charles Wells yakikola emirundi egiwerako mu 1891 olw'omukisa ogw'ekitalo, n'afuuka oluyimba lw'ekisenge ky'ebinyumu, era n'afiirwa ekitundu ku zo mu butiti obwo.

Engero
Nnamuziga asosolalaabuNnamuziga asosolaNnamuziga alina obulema mu mubiri bwe obufuula ebinnya ebimu okujja okusinga 1/37. Tebitera kubaawo, era bizuulibwa wokka n'okwetooloola enkumi n'enkumi okuwandiikiddwa.Soma byonna → owa Joseph Jagger (awo nga mu 1880), Wells (1891) n'enzirugavu 26 (1913) byonna byabeerawo wano, era buli kimu kirina olupapula lwakyo. Ekitongole kya kaasino eky'okulanga, ekyali kikulembedde ekiseera kyakyo, kyakakasa nti buli kimu ku byo kyawandiikibwa mu mpapula z'amawulire ez'e London. Olugero lw'ekifo obugagga gye bwawangulibwa lwatunda tikiti z'eggaali y'omukka nnyingi okusinga ennyinnyonnyola yonna ey'amazima ku 2.70%.
Omuzannyo gwa roulette ogw'e Monte Carlo leero
Kaasino ekyakola, era roulette ekyali wakati mu kisenge ekikulu, ne nnamuziga za zeero emu n'amateeka ga Bufalansa (la partageetteekaLa partageEtteeka ery'e Bufalansa: zeero bw'ejja, ekitundu kya ssente za zzaala ya emu ku emu kizzibwayo. Likendeeza enkizo ya kaasino ku zzaala ezo ku kitundu, okutuuka ku 1.35%.Soma byonna → oba en prisonetteekaEn prisonEtteeka ery'e Bufalansa: zeero bw'ejja, zzaala ya emu ku emu ekuumibwa okutuuka ku kwetooloola okuddako mu kifo ky'okufiirwa. Likendeeza enkizo ya kaasino ku zzaala ezo ku kitundu.Soma byonna → ku zzaala ya emu ku emu). Société des Bains de Mer ekyali kampuni enkulu mu bwakabaka. Enkola ya Monte Carlo mu kubala, Ulam ne von Neumann gye baatuuma mu myaka gya 1940 nga bagoberera kaasino, y'evuga ebyokugezesa ku mukutu guno.
Ebibuuzo
Nedda. Bagaaniddwa okuva mu kyasa 19; kaasino yali ya bagenyi.
Lunyumizibwa mu ngeri y'emu mu biwandiiko ebyaddirira; ebiwandiiko bya kaasino byennyini eby'omu kiseera ekyo tebiri mu lwatu. ObusobokaokubalaObusobokaObusoboka bw'ekivaamu, okuva ku 0 okutuuka ku 1 oba 0% okutuuka ku 100%. Ennamba emu: 1/37 = 2.70%.Soma byonna → bukwatagana n'okubaawo kwalwo awamu mu myaka amakumi ataano egy'okuzannya.
Kojja wa Stanislaw Ulam yasibirangayo zzaala; erinnya lyali kigambo kya kyama ekitegeeza okulonda okutategeerekeka mu Manhattan Project.
Eky'okusesa

Bbanka yamenyebwanga emirundi mingi. Kaasino teyabangako mu kabi.
Ensibuko
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.